Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Inhibition in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Kwak, M.D., Ph.D., Yung-Jue Bang, M.D., Ph.D., D. A B C D: Chen Shan Hui: A Ci Yi Le: Chang Hui Mei: A Zhai Shi Mian Ri Ji: Zhai Nan Shu: AEIOU (Concert) Grasshooper: Ah Ai Cheng: Ciang Hui: Ah Bu Eh Chiu: Lu Ya Wen.Reminder: Report on a separate line for each class of securities beneficially owned directly or indirectly. Si es tu primera visita, aseg. Vol.7, No.3, May, 2004. Mathematical and Natural Sciences. Study on Bilinear Scheme and Application to Three-dimensional Convective Equation (Itaru Hataue and Yosuke. List of Chinese inventions - Wikipedia. A bronze Chinese crossbow trigger mechanism with a butt plate (the wooden components have since eroded and disappeared), inlaid with silver, from either the late Warring States period (4. The list below contains these and other inventions in China attested by archaeology or history. The historical region now known as China experienced a history involving mechanics, hydraulics and mathematics applied to horology, metallurgy, astronomy, agriculture, engineering, music theory, craftsmanship, naval architecture and warfare. By the Warring States period (4. A sophisticated economic system in imperial China gave birth to inventions such as paper money during the Song Dynasty (9. The invention of gunpowder during the mid 9th century led to an array of inventions such as the fire lance, land mine, naval mine, hand cannon, exploding cannonballs, multistage rocket and rocket bombs with aerodynamic wings and explosive payloads. With the navigational aid of the 1. Chinese sailors sailed as far as East Africa. They also made large mechanical puppet theatres driven by waterwheels and carriage wheels and wine- serving automatons driven by paddle wheel boats. The contemporaneous Peiligang and Pengtoushan cultures represent the oldest Neolithic cultures of China and were formed around 7. BC. 2. 00. 0 BC) period, the absence of Longshan- era irrigation or high- yield crops, full evidence of Longshan cultivation of dry- land cereal crops which gave high yields . It also does not include technologies developed elsewhere and later invented separately by the Chinese, such as the odometer and chain pump. Scientific, mathematical or natural discoveries, changes in minor concepts of design or style and artistic innovations do not appear on the list. Four Great Inventions. Tom says this process was gradually improved through leaching, polishing and glazing to produce a smooth, strong paper. However, the earliest known book printed at regular size is the Diamond Sutra made during the Tang Dynasty (6. He attributed the innovation of reusable fired clay characters to a little- known artisan named Bi Sheng (9. Its gunpowder formulas describe the use of incendiary bombs launched from catapults, thrown down from defensive walls, or lowered down the wall by use of iron chains operated by a swape lever. Liu Bowen (1. 31. It was completed in 1. Liu's death, with a preface added by the Jiao in its Nanyang publication. AD) stated in chapter 5. Examination and analysis of ancient pottery jars from the neolithic village of Jiahu in Henan province in northern China revealed residue left behind by the alcoholic beverages they once contained. According to a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, chemical analysis of the residue revealed that the fermented drink was made from fruit, rice and honey. With the emergence of other kinds of bells during the Shang Dynasty (c. BC), they were relegated to subservient functions; at Shang and Zhou sites, they are also found as part of the horse- and- chariot gear and as collar- bells of dogs. Clear evidence of a wooden coffin in the form of a rectangular shape was found in Tomb 1. Banpo site. The Banpo coffin belongs to a four- year- old girl, measuring 1. As many as 1. 0 wooden coffins have been found from the Dawenkou culture (4. It also appeared as ceremonial and symbolic jade weapon at around the same time, two being dated from about 2. BC, are found at the Lingjiatan site in Anhui. It consisted of a long wooden shaft with a bronze knife blade attached at a right angle to the end. The weapon could be swung down or inward in order to hook or slash, respectively, at an enemy. BC) was buried in a lacquered wooden coffin. The success of the early Chinese millet farmers is still reflected today in the DNA of many east Asian populations, such studies have shown that the ancestors of those farmers probably arrived in the area between 3. BP, and their bacterial haplotypes are still found in today populations throughout eastern Asia. The shells, containing small pebbles of various size, colour and quantity, were drilled with small holes, suggesting that each pair of them was tied together originally. Similar finds have also been found in the Dawenkou burial sites of about 4. Ploughshares have also been discovered at the nearby Liangzhu and Maqiao sites roughly dated to the same period. Harris says this indicates that more intensive cultivation in fixed, probably bunded, fields had developed by this time. According to Mu Yongkang and Song Zhaolin's classification and methods of use, the triangular plough assumed many kinds and were the departure from the Hemudu and Luojiajiao spade, with the Songze small plough in mid- process. The post- Liangzhu ploughs used draft animals. By 2. 00. 0 BC, rammed- earth architectural techniques were commonly used for walls and foundations in China. The earliest yan steamer dating from about 5. BC was unearthed in the Banpo site. The burial urns were used mainly for children, but also sporadically for adults, as shown in the finds at Yichuan, Lushan and Zhengzhou in Henan. BC), used for the burial of a child, from Shaanxi. Rice cultivation: In 2. Chinese and Japanese group reported the discovery in eastern China of fossilised phytoliths of domesticated rice apparently dating back to 1. BC or earlier. However, phytolith data are controversial in some quarters due to potential contamination problems. By 5. 00. 0 BC, rice had been domesticated at Hemudu culture near the Yangtze Delta and was being cooked in pots. The oldest silk found in China comes from the Chinese Neolithic period and is dated to about 3. BC, found in Henan province. BC) site at Anyang (or Yinxu) contains the first known written reference to silk. One of the few earliest boat coffins are found among the 9. Songze culture (4. The earliest paddy field dates to 6. BP, based on carbon dating of the grains of rice and soil organic matter found at the Chaodun site in Kushan County. BC), date to the Western Han (2. BC . 1. 00 AD) during the 1st century provided the earliest transmitted example of a complete duodenary animal cycle. However, the Chinese astronomer Geng Shouchang of the Han Dynasty (2. BC . Its roots were in merchant receipts of deposit during the Tang Dynasty (6. The earliest paper currency was limited to certain regions and could not be used outside specified bounds, but once paper was securely backed by gold and silver stores, the Song Dynasty government initiated a nationwide paper currency, between 1. AD) applied the use of rotating waterwheels to power the bellows of his blast furnace smelting iron, a method which continued in use in China thereafter, as evidenced by subsequent records; it is a significant invention in that iron production yields were increased and it employed all the necessary components for converting rotary motion into reciprocating motion. Belt hooks date to the 7th century BC in China. When hit, even iron armour was quite pierced through. Tom describes the drilling process: . Kendall agrees with this, she noted that a predecessor existed in ancient Egypt in the form of a twig that was frayed at the end. Chinese ships had a bulkhead build; these pieces of literary evidence for bulkhead partitions are confirmed by archaeological evidence of a 2. Song Dynasty ship dredged from the waters off the southern coast of China in 1. Perhaps inspired by chain pumps which had been known in China since at least the Han Dynasty (2. BC . Excavated from royal tombs, the embroidery was made using threads of silk. Chain stitch designs spread to Iran through the Silk Road. By 6. 00 BC, the use of chopsticks had spread to Yunnan (Dapona in Dali). Chromium was not used anywhere else until the experiments of Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (1. In regards to the latter text, Su Song (1. Michael Sullivan writes that . Pigott states that the cupola furnace existed in China at least by the Warring States period (4. Wagner writes that some iron ore melted in the blast furnace may have been cast directly into molds, but most, if not all, iron smelted in the blast furnace during the Han Dynasty (2. BC . Strockerus in about 1. The thirty- two- piece Chinese domino set (made to represent each possible face of two thrown dice and thus have no blank faces) differs from the twenty- eight- piece domino set found in the West during the mid 1. France and Italy). Since at least the Western Zhou Dynasty (c. The Yingzao Fashi building manual published in 1. Song Dynasty (9. 60. Ephedrine exports between China and the West grew from 4 tonnes to 2. Liu Bowen (1. 31. Jiao and Liu wrote that when fired, they could set enemy camps ablaze. The earliest evidence for exploding cannonballs in Europe date to the 1. The black dots represent iron pellets. Field mill: In the Yezhongji ('Record of Affairs at the Capital Ye of the Later Zhao Dynasty') written by Lu Hui (fl. AD), various mechanical devices are described which were invented by two Later Zhao (3. The common people in the Song era could purchase simple fireworks from market vendors; these were made of sticks of bamboo packed with gunpowder. The Chinese name for firecrackers, baozhu, literally means . It was first used in battle 9. Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (9. Another mention of the signal bomb appears in a text dating from 1. Zhejiang. The Wu I Thu Phu Thung Chih or Illustrated Military Encyclopedia written in 1. Screens date back to China during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty period (7. The fragmentation bombs were filled with iron pellets and pieces of broken porcelain. A heated mixture of salammoniac, tung oil, chin chih, scallion juice, and yin hsiu is poured into the bomb, coating the pellets. Once the bomb explodes, the resulting shrapnel is capable of piercing the skin and blinding enemy soldiers. However, the Western pipe organ did not make use of the reed, which the ancient Chinese mouth organ employed.
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