Conjunctival Papilloma - Eye. Wiki. In general, papilloma is a histopathological term describing tumors with specific morphology. They take on a classic finger like or cauliflower like appearance. Papillomatous lesions often are lobulated with a central vascular core. Irrelevant of its cytology, a neoplasm of epithelial origin with this form of growth is also called papilloma. Papillomas can be benign or malignant and can be found in numerous anatomical locations (eg, skin, conjunctiva, cervix, breast duct). Specifically, conjunctival papillomas are benign squamous epithelial tumors with minimal propensity toward malignancy. They demonstrate an exophytic growth pattern. Interestingly, inverted papillomas exhibit exophytic and endophytic growth patterns. The pedunculated type is synonymous with infectious conjunctival papilloma and squamous cell papilloma. The limbal conjunctival papilloma often is referred to as noninfectious conjunctival papilloma because it is believed that limbal papillomas arise from UV radiation exposure. Double.Vision.2002-cd1.Chs.srt . Double Vision (2002) Full MoVie Click here to Watch. Because of its gross appearance, limbal papillomas are typed as sessile. Although rare, inverted conjunctival papillomas sometimes are referred to as mucoepidermoid papillomas because these lesions possess both a mucous component and an epidermoid component. Infectious conjunctival papillomas also are known as squamous cell papillomas. This term arises from its histopathological appearance (ie, the lesion is confined to the epithelial layer, which is acanthotic). Epidemiology. Frequency. United States. Literature reviewed yielded no published study outlining the prevalence of conjunctival papillomas in a cross section of a population. Interestingly, studies are numerous for extraocular sites. Prevalence of conjunctival papillomas ranged from 4- 1. A strong association exists between HPV and squamous cell papilloma. Moreover, the HPV genome is identifiable in most conjunctival papillomas and in 8. HPV types 6 and 1. HPV type 3. 3 is another source in the pathogenesis of conjunctival papilloma. HPV types 1. 6 and 1. The recurrence rate for infectious papillomas is high.
Limbal papillomas have a recurrent rate of 4. Mortality/Morbidity. Conjunctival papillomas (squamous cell, limbal, or inverted) are not life threatening. Conjunctival papillomas may be large enough to be displeasing or cosmetically disfiguring. HPV types 6 and 1. Direct contact with contaminated hands or objects may result in ocular manifestations. New and multiple lesions may arise after excision. Recurrent conjunctival papillomas may extend into the nasolacrimal duct causing obstruction. Lauer et al and Migliori and Putterman reported a case of nasolacrimal duct obstruction after extension of the papillomas into the lacrimal sac. Rarely, they can undergo malignant transformation, signs of which include inflammation, keratinization, and symblepharon formation. Age. Squamous cell papillomas (ie, infective papilloma, viral conjunctival papilloma) are seen commonly in children and young adults, usually younger than 2. Because HPV is associated strongly with this form of papilloma, siblings, including twins, also may be affected. Limbal papillomas are seen commonly in older adults. A slight association exists between UV radiation and limbal conjunctival papilloma. Individual fronds are surrounded by connective tissue, each having a central vascularized core. Acute and chronic inflammatory cells are found within these fronds. The epithelium is acanthotic, nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium without atypia. Numerous goblet cells are seen along with acute inflammatory cells. Koilocytosis is exhibited. The basement membrane is intact. Corkscrew vascular loops and feeder vessels are seen. The epithelium is acanthotic, displaying varying degrees of pleomorphism and dysplasia. The epithelium surface may be keratinized with foci of parakeratosis within the papillary folds. The basement membrane is intact. Invagination into the underlying stroma instead of the exophytic growth pattern is exhibited by squamous cell or limbal papillomas, whereas some lesions exhibit a mixture of exophytic and endophytic growth patterns. Unlike inverted papilloma arising in the lateral nasal wall or paranasal sinuses, lesions arising from the conjunctiva tend to be less aggressive in malignant transformation. The lesions are composed of lobules of epithelial cells extending down into the stroma. The lesion may be elevated or umbilicated. Epithelial cells do not demonstrate atypia, and dysplastic changes are uncommon for conjunctival inverted papillomas. The cytoplasm is vacuolated in some cells. They may resemble squamous papilloma or pyogenic granuloma. Numerous goblet cells are intermixed with the epithelium. Cystic lesions may be seen secondary to the confluence of goblet cells. The lesion may contain melanin granules and/or melanocytes. Human papillomavirus (HPV) and polyomavirus are members of the Papovavirus family. These viruses are small (5. DNA. Papilloma viruses exhibit site and cell- type specificity, as follows. HPV 6 and 1. 1 . Proliferation of dermal connective tissue is followed by acanthosis and hyperkeratosis. HPV is tumorigenic, and it commonly produces benign tumors with low potential for malignancy. In general, prolonged proliferation may lead to cellular atypia and dysplasia. HPV type 1. 1 was the most common and frequently found in conjunctival papilloma as analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Knowing the patient's age and the anatomical location of the tumor or tumor like lesion (eg, inverted papillomas . The conjunctiva is rarely affected. A change in size and shape should raise the index of suspicion for a possible neoplastic proliferation. However, other reasons may contribute to the change in size. Cystic lesions may increase in size secondary to accumulation of fluids and/or acellular debris. An inflammatory response may cause a benign lesion to increase in size. Most conjunctival tumors are isolated lesions. However, in a small percentage, conjunctival lesions may be an extension of systemic disease (ie, Lhermitte- Duclos disease, Cowden syndrome). A history of congenital, bilateral, or multifocal conjunctival lesions strongly suggests an underlying systemic disease. Therefore, a profound systemic workup is warranted. History associated with conjunctival papilloma. Squamous cell papilloma. Doublevision Torrent download or. Double Vision 2002 AKA: Shuang Tong Director: Kuo-fu Chen. Double.Vision.DVDRip.XviD-MoST.avi: 1.37 GB. Double.Vision.2002.DVDRip.X264.AC3.iNT-ZY HPV types 6 and 11 are the most frequently found in conjunctival papilloma. Conjunctival papillomas caused by human papillomavirus type 33. Usually seen in younger patients History of maternal HPV infection at the time of parturition A past history of tumor excision with recurrence Refractive to past medical and surgical treatments No decrease or loss of visual acuity A history of a sibling with the same condition A history of cutaneous warts at extraocular sites. Limbal papilloma. Seen in older adults History of UV exposure Possible decrease or loss of visual acuity Recurrence after excision, not common History of chronic conjunctivitis refractive to medications. Key features to assist an ophthalmologist in examining a surface tumor include the following. Tumor location: Knowing the probability of finding a tumor in a specific anatomical location greatly assists the ophthalmologist not only in making the diagnosis but also, and more importantly, in prioritizing the differential diagnosis. Approximately 2. 5% of all lesions involving the caruncle are papillomas. Squamous cell carcinoma is seen commonly in the interpalpebral zone adjacent to the limbus and rarely appears elsewhere. Although possible, a diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma would be questionable if remote from the limbus. Tumor color: Tumor color provides important clues and clinical judgment based on the following: Pigmented lesions suggest a melanocytic origin. Salmon- colored lesions are associated with lymphoid tumors. Pale or dull yellow lesions are associated with xanthomas. Tumor topography: In evaluating, attention should be made to the tumor's surface, to include the tumor's texture and edge. The conjunctiva surface appearance is altered predictably in epithelial tumors (ie, the surface epithelium is raised, cobblestone, and/or acanthotic). In differentiating from epithelial tumors, tumors arising from the substantia propria tend to have a smooth epithelial surface. Tumor edges between normal conjunctiva and diseased conjunctiva may appear abrupt, as seen in conjunctival papilloma or conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). In cases where the edges are ill defined, lymphoid tumors should be considered. Tumor growth pattern: The pattern of growth may be described as solitary, diffuse, or multifocal. Solitary growth is seen in conjunctival papilloma. Diffuse growth, although rare, is associated with conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia, sebaceous carcinoma (pagetoid spread), lymphoma, and reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. Tumor consistency: The tumor consistency can be described as solid, soft, or cystic. Tumor consistency is established by palpation, which is useful in evaluating and diagnosing subepithelial tumors. Palpation is performed under topical anesthesia during the slit lamp examination, using a cotton- tip applicator. This technique is beneficial in determining whether an epithelial tumor has invaded the underlying supporting tissue. Most papillomas are freely mobile over the sclera. An epithelial tumor that has already invaded the underlying connective tissue will feel fastened to the globe when tenderly pushed from side to side. Clinical signs associated with squamous cell papilloma (infectious papilloma) are as follows. This lesion is benign and self- limiting. It is seen commonly in children and young adults. Most lesions are asymptomatic without associated conjunctivitis or folliculitis. Anatomically, it commonly is located in the inferior fornix, but it also may arise in the limbus, caruncle, and palpebral regions. The lesion may be bilateral and multiple. Grossly, squamous cell papilloma appears as a grayish red, fleshy, soft, pedunculated mass with an irregular surface (cauliflowerlike). Clinical signs associated with limbal papilloma are as follows.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. Archives
December 2016
Categories |